In the Bondo wood filler yes, but I don’t think regular wood filler is strong enough for that. You could totally try it though! Let me know how it works!

Make sure you are overfilling it, then sanding it smooth and flush. But yes, in certain light you will be able to see where the wood filler meets the veneer. If it is really bothersome, you can remove all of the veneer to have 1 solid surface to work with.
You can also try to make faux wood grain texture in the wood filler to make it look more like the wood, and help disguise the wood filler.

Hey Tammy, I use the wood fillers that are linked in this post. But I also use this, How to Use KwikWood. This post on How to Clean Furniture Before Painting links to the exact Krud Kutter that I use as well. Best of luck!